TALONID
the extraneous area formed by the entoconid, the hypoconid and sometimes the hypoconulid on the distal portion of the lower molar.
TAPHONOMY
the study of the events and conditions that led to the fossilization and preservation of a particular specimen or assemblage of specimens.
TAXON
a category (e.g., species, genus, family, and order) in the classification of organisms.
TEMPORAL
located at the lateral base of the skull; surrounded the external ear.
TEMPORAL FORAMEN
the space bounded by the cranium (medially) and the zygomatic arch (laterally) through which the temporalis muscle passes to its insertion on the coronoid process of the mandible.
TEMPORAL FOSSA
the space (or depression) on the skull occupied by the temporal muscle.
THEORY
a tested hypotheses that describes an observable fact or facts. A theory usually consists of an abundance of related ideas and explanations verified to be true through various and repeatable experiments and observations.
THORACIC VERTEBRAE
the section of the vertebral column where the ribs attach. Modern humans have twelve thoracic vertebrae.
THORAX
the chest region that usually houses the lungs, heart, esophagus and related structures.
TRABECULAR BONE
an interior web of bone that acts to reinforce the bones strength and stability; typically found near the ends of long bones and in between the cortex of flat bones. The structure of trabecular bone can be studied to determine an animal’s habitual physical behaviors.
TRANSCRIPTION
the production of a single strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a double-stranded sequence of DNA; the first part of the process of creating proteins from genes.
TRANSLATION
the conversion of messenger RNA (mRNA) into a chain of amino acids that make up a protein that is coded for by the gene; the final step of the process of creating proteins from genes.
TRANSLOCATION
when a piece of a chromosome gets detached and is reattached in an inappropriate chromosome, resulting in a mutation.
TREPHINATION
‘The act of perforating the skull by grooving, scraping, or drilling to open the cranial cavity and allow for environmental interaction
TRIGON
the triangle formed by the protocone, paracone and metacone on the upper molar.
TRIGONID
the triangle formed by the protocone, paracone and metacone on the mesial portion of the lower molar.
TRISOMY
having three copies of a specific chromosome instead of two.
TRUNK
the torso of the body; place where appendages, head and/or tail attach.
TUBEROSITY
a rugged or robust protuberance on a bone.